Amkupamame akugwira ntchito yotamandika polimbana ndi chifuwa cha TB

Wolemba

Rose Chipumphula CHALIRA

National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) ikulimbikitsa ntchito yothana ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha TB (Tuberculosis) m’dziko muno. Ngakhale ntchito yolimbana ndi matendawa ikuyenda bwino m’madera ena, pali kwina kumene ikukumana ndi zotsamwitsa. Apa ndi pomwe boma labweretsa a mkupamame kuti alowererepo kuti ntchito yothana ndi chifuwa chachikulu isasokonekere.

A mkupamame amayenda mtunda wautali kulimbikitsa anthu akumudzi kukayezetsa makhololo ku chipatala. 

Malingana ndi a Brighet Maleka, m’modzi wa a mkupamame a m’mudzi mwa Chikoloka, mfumu yayikulu Simphasi m’boma la Mchinji, ntchito yolimbana ndi chifuwa chachikulu mderali ikuyenda bwino ngakhale kuti mliri wa Covid-19 wasokoneza ntchitoyi. Iwo ati anthu akumakhala ndi mantha oti akapita ku chipatala cha kumudzi komwe amatenga makhololo akawayezanso matenda a Covid-19.

“Kuno ntchitoyi tiyanamba mchaka cha 2014. Timayenda khomo ndi khomo kulimbikitsa anthu kukayezetsa ngati ali ndi chifuwa cha TB komanso kuwawuza omwe akuwonetsa zizindikiro kuti akayezetse ku chipatala. Nthendayi ndi yochizika ngati munthu akutsatira malamulo achipatala,” anatero a Maleka.

A Maleka anati kudzera mu upangiri omwe anawaphunzitsa a chipatala, iwo amayenda khomo ndi khomo kuzindikiritsa anthu za nthendayi komanso kulimbikitsa omwe akuwonetsa zizindikiro kuti akayezetse pa malo omwe anakhazikitsa m’mudzimo.

“Ife ntchito yathu imakhala yotenga makhololo kupita nawo ku chipatala komwe anthu amayenda mtunda oposa makilomita khumi. Ndipo zotsatira zikabwera pakatha sabata ngati apezeka ndi nthendayi, timawawuza kuti apite ku chipatala kuti akayambe kulandira mankhwala. Komanso akamalandira mankhwala timawalimbikitsa powapatsa uphungu ndi zina,” anatero a Maleka.

Mayiwa anati patsiku amapeza anthu ochuluka omwe akuwonetsa zizindikiro za nthendayi ndipo akawapatsa uphungu, ambiri amakayezetsa ngakhale kuti sipamalephera ena onyalanyaza. Iwo akuti sakubwerera m’mbuyo pa ntchito yawo.

“Ndizotheka kuthana ndi chifuwa cha TB pofika 2030 ngati anthu aku-tsatira zomwe amawuzidwa. Anthu akuyenera kuyezetsa ngati akuwona zizindikiro monga chifuwa chosatha kwa masabata atatu, kutuluka thukuta lodabwitsa pogona ndi zina,” anatero a Maleka.

Malingana ndi mkulu wagulu la Chikolola Community Sputum Collection, a Clement Katsache, ntchitoyi ikuyenda bwino kwambiri ndipo pakanali pano mderali muli anthu asanu okha omwe akudwala nthendayi, ndipo mwa awa, ana alipo awiri.

“Mchaka cha 2020-2021, anthu asanu ndi m’modzi ndi omwe anapezeka ndi thendayi titawatenga makhololo awo. Onsewa anachira; ali bwino bwino chifukwa amatsatira upa-ngiri womwe timawapatsa womwa mankhwala mwa ndondomeko, kuchotsa nkhawa, kudya za magulu ndi zina,” anatero Katsache.

A Katsache anati ngakhale anthu ena amawanyoza, iwo ngati a mkupamame sabwerera m’mbuyo pa ntchito yolimbana ndi chifuwa cha TB. Iwo akuti ndi udindo wa aliyense kute-ngapo mbali osati kusiyira ntchitoyi azaumoyo okha.

Nayo Mfumu Chikoloka inayamikira a mkupamamewa pa ntchito yomwe akugwira mdera lake yomwe yathandiza kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa nthenda ya chifuwa chachikulu. Kulimbikira kwa a mkupamame kwalimbikitsanso chidwi chomwe anthu ake ali nacho cholimbana ndi nthendayi kuti isamafalikire mderali.

“A mkupamamewa akugwira ntchito yotamandika yomwe amayenera kumagwira alangizi a zaumoyo. Koma kudzera mu upangiri womwe anapatsidwa akukwanitsa ndi mkana nyumba yanga ndinayipereka kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ngati ofesi yotengera makhololo komanso kupereka uphungu kwa anthu,” anatero a Chikoloka.

M’modzi mwa anthu omwe ana-dwalapo nthendayi ndipo pano anachira, a Geofrey Samuel, a m’mudzi mwa Siwelele, mfumu yayikulu Simphasi m’bomali, anati poyamba ankachita utambwali atawapeza ndi nthendayi. A Samuel akuti sankamwa mankhwala mwa ndondomeko komanso ankasuta kwambiri fodya.

“Nditadwala koyamba ndinkamwa mankhwala mozembazemba ndipo a mkupamamewa atandiyendera nditadwalanso kachiwiri ananditengera ku chipatala komwe anandigoneka. Nthawi imeneyo ndinamva ululu kwambiri chifukwa cha chibwana changa. Ndikanatsatira uphungu sindikanadwala nthendayi kawiri,” anatero a Samuel.

Iwo anati nthendayi ndi yochizika ngati wodwala akutsatira malangizo a kamwedwe ka mankhwala bwino bwino komanso kuchepetsa zomwe achipatala akunena kuti ndi zoipa.

“Ndinamwa mankhwala kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mosadukiza. Ndipo chitsatireni mamwedwe a mankhwala mpaka pano patha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndisakudwala nthendayi kapena kumva kutsina thupi kusiyana ndi poyamba pomwe ndinkajombetsa kamwedwe ka mankhwala,” anatero a Samuel.

A Samuel anati chifukwa chosamwa mankhwala mwa ndondomeko ulendo woyamba atadwala, iwo anawapatsiranso nthendayi mayi akunyumba kwawo ndipo moyo unali ovuta chifukwa panalibe yemwe amasamalira nzake.

“Timasalidwa m’mudzi ndi anthu nthawi imeneyo, koma a mkupamamewa sanatope kutiyendera ndi kutilangiza mpaka pano tinachira. Pano tikugwira ntchito zapakhomo ndi zina ngati kale,” anatero a Samuel.

Iwo akupempha anthu m’dziko muno kuti akawona zizindikiro za chifuwa chosatha kwa masabata atatu ndi kutuluka thukuta lodabwitsa usiku athamangire ku chipatala. Komanso akayamba kumwa mankhwala asamachite ukamberembere chifukwa umadwalanso mwa mphamvu kusiyana ndi koyamba.

Wachiwiri kwa mkulu woona ntchito za chifukwa cha TB m’bomali, a Alex Mphalasa anati ntchitoyi ikuyenda bwino chifukwa cha a mkupamame omwe akulimbikitsa anthu kukayezetsa makhololo kudera kwawo.

“Kuno tili ndi malo 41 omwe anthu amakapereka makhololo awo kuti akayezedwe ndipo ntchitoyi amagwira ndi a mkupamamewa. Iwowa amatenga makhololo kupititsa ku chipatala chifukwa ena amakanika kupita ku chipatala kukayezetsa kuwopa kutalika mtunda,” anatero a Mphalasa.

Mkuluyu anati m’chaka cha 2020 anthu 1,782 ndi omwe anayezetsa makhololo kuchokera kumudzi ndipo anthu 95 ndi omwe anapezeka ndi nthendayi “kusonyeza kuti 20 peresenti ya anthu omwe anapezeka ndi nthendayi anabwera ndi a mkupamame.”

A Mphalasa anati mu 2021, kuyambira mwezi wa Januwale mpaka Juni, anthu 274 ndi omwe anayezetsa, ndipo ndi anthu khumi ndi awiri omwe anapezeka ndi nthendayi. Izi zikusonyeza kuti a mkupamamewa akugwira ntchito yolimbikitsa anthu kukayezetsa makhololo ngati akuwonetsa zizindikiro za nthendayi.

“Kalondolondo wa anthu omwe akudwala nthendayi ndi zina mwa zomwe zikuthandiza chifukwa akasiya kubwera ku chipatala kudzalandira thandizo a mkupamamewa amawalondola. Iwo amafuna kuti akawone chomwe chachitika ndi kupereka uphungu kwa odwala zomwe zikuchititsa anthu kusasiyira panjira kumwa mankhwala,” anatero a Mphalasa.

A Mphalasa anati kusanabwere a mkupamamewa ntchito yochita kalondolondo pa chipatala chachikulu inali yovuta komanso anthu akumidzi samakhala ndi chidwi choyezetsa nthendayi.

Kutalika mtunda wopita ku chipatala kumagwetsa anthuwa mphwayi pomwe pano akumayezetsa kumudzi komweko ndipo uphungu ndi zotsatira zimawapeza konko.

Ngakhale ntchito yolimbana ndi nthendayi ikuyenda bwino a mkupamamewa ati amasowa zipangizo zozitetezera ku matenda a Covid-19. Iwo akuti mayendedwe kupita kukasiya makhololo pa chipatala cha ching’ono cha Kochilira omwe ndi mtunda wa makilomita khumi, kusowa kwa zovala kuti iwo azidziwika kuti amagwira ntchito yanji ndi zina mwa zomwe zikupereka chipsinjo pa utumiki wawo.

“Tikupempha a National TB Programme kuti atithandize ndi zinthu zomwe tinawapempha kuti ntchitoyi ipitilire kuyenda bwino komanso nafe tidzigwira mosaphinjika chifukwa timakafika madera akutali,” anatero a Catherine Mastala, m’modzi wa a mkupamame.

A Mastala ati a mkupamame ali ndi chidwi chogwira ntchitoyi ngakhale akukuma ndi mavutowa ambirimbiri.

“Ndi zotheka kuthana ndi nthendayi ngati a mkupamame nawo akupatsidwa zosowa zawo kuti asabwerere m’mbuyo polimbikitsa anthu akumudzi kuyezetsa nthendayi komanso kupereka uphungu,” anatero a Mastala.

Dziko la Malawi kudzera ku National TB Programme likugwira ntchito yolimbana ndi nthendayi m’maboma asanu ndi anayi — ndipo ena mwa iwo ndi a Balaka, Mangochi, Mzimba, Rumphi, Nsanje. Mchinji ndi ena — mu pulojekiti yotchedwa Southern Africa TB and Health System Support Programme (SATHSSP) ndi thandizo lochokera ku bungwe la Global Fund. Cholinga cha pulojekitiyi ndi kufuna kuchepetsa kufala kwa chifuwa chachikulu ndi 75 peresenti pofika 2030.