The menace of unemployment versus limited job creation
By Mathias Burton Kafunda*
One of the most important issues before the nation is the subject of unemployment. Whether we are in a recession or a depression the plain fact is that 22 percent of our working force is today unemployed, and every day brings additional hardships. Unemployment is more common among females than males, according to the Fourth Integrated Household Survey.
The percentage of unemployed females is 26 percent compared to the 14 percent unemployment rate among males. The risk of being unemployed is higher among the economically active persons aged 15-24 than among older members of the labour force. Considering that job creation does not match the increase in the labour force, most people are turning to informal economy as an alternative source of livelihood and most of them are doing so not by choice, but out of a need to survive.
The informal economy has experienced rapid growth as per the Malawi Decent Work Country Programme. Overall, 89 percent of employed persons in Malawi are engaged in informal employment. Informal employment is more prevalent in the rural areas than in urban areas. In rural areas, the percentage of employed persons in informal employment is 91 percent compared to 69 percent in urban areas. Nearly 90 percent of all employed women worked in the rural informal sector, particularly in subsistence farming. The informal sector also has many young people.
Young, unlicensed street vendors have become one of the most visible signs of the chronic jobs’ shortage on Malawian city streets. The street hawker’s community has swelled dramatically as thousands of poverty-stricken young job seekers are increasingly pushed into the informal sector in a desperate bid to survive in a tough economic climate.
They are working in circumstances where individuals are: unable to enforce their rights; where social insurance protection is absent; where health and safety is put at risk; where work does not provide sufficient income to live decently; where work does not allow individuals to plan for their future; where work does not provide stability; where work is temporary (the duration of which is uncertain); and where work is without access to training.
The scale of desperate young workers trapped in precarious livelihoods is highlighted in a recent report from the International Labour Organisation (ILO) which shows that over 70 percent of young Malawians aged between 15 and 29 are employed in the informal sector. The report, Global Unemployment Trends for Youth: A Generation at Risk reveals that with just over 66 percent of the demographic completing secondary education, many young people in Malawi are unable to make a successful transition to stable or decent employment.
It says five out of ten young Malawian workers are undereducated or overeducated for the work they do and that six out of ten receive below average wages. The report cites a weak industrial base and lack of work experience as some of the major obstacles to securing a job.
Three things worthy paying attention to in the findings of this report are that; Most young Malawians are undereducated; we have a weak industrial base (private sector); and that most young people lack experience that could help them secure a job. Being undereducated coupled with lack of experience implies that most of our youth cannot attract the best paying jobs as most of employers are in search for a skilled and experienced labour force.
Studies show that almost two-thirds of the labour force have not completed primary education, and another 25 percent have not progressed past primary school. This is ultimately reflected in the low labor intensity of the more productive sectors (World Bank: 2018). Lack of training and job-matching mechanisms make the transition from school into the workplace difficult. While firms do not view the availability and cost of adequately trained workers as major constraints, employers still complain about the unpreparedness of graduates once they enter working life.
Only a few graduates benefit from established training programs, making the transition from education institutions to the workplace difficult. As such, a high population (64 percent) of the employed persons are in agriculture, forestry and fishing and nearly 20 percent of the employed labour force works in the wholesale and retail trade (IHS4). These low paying jobs translate in high populations of working poor. Malawi has one of the highest rates of working poor, which stands at around 60 percent on $2 per day. The working poor are those individuals who are (i) employed and (ii) living in households whose income or consumption levels fall below a poverty threshold.
The third aspect of having a weak industrial base (private sector) is of high interest too. Having a weak industrial base means private sector development and job creation are both constrained. It has been observed by the World Bank in 2018 that the business environment remains characterized by a lack of transparency and predictability for investors. Among many aspects, corruption is increasingly seen as a huge challenge to business activity and private sector growth in Malawi.
It is observed the percentage of companies that reported having been asked for bribes by public officials has been increasing significantly every year (from 13.7% in 2008 to 24% in 2014- World Bank 2018). It also observed that another constraint to growth of Malawi’s private sector is the high cost of doing business. High trade costs make it difficult for the firms to gain access to take advantage of export opportunities.
What this entails, is that, if there is limited private sector growth, then private sector can only play a very limited role in job creation in the country even though both are key determinants of future growth and poverty reduction for the country. We have a burgeoning working-age population yet very limited availability of jobs to accommodate this growing population.
Currently, formal employment comprises only 11 percent of total employment, with a large share of self-employed (own-account) workers (54 percent), mostly in the agriculture sector. Around 84 percent of men and 94 percent of women hold jobs without social protection or employment benefits, which includes self-employed (own-account) workers as well as a large share of paid employees.
What needs to be clear is that even in our current adverse situation, the private sector development and job creation remains one of the most important routes out of poverty for most poor people. Malawi needs to pursue reforms that will help to encourage private sector development that provides productive income-generating opportunities for Malawi’s growing population.
Continuing to take a “business as usual” approach to private sector development and job creation in Malawi would leave the country stuck in high levels of inequality and unprecedent levels of poverty. Business as usual would mean continued the current low-level private sector activity, with limited new (quality) private sector investment, and very limited job growth. A better approach would be to reform radically the business enabling environment, improving transparency and predictability.
The objective would be to develop an investment climate that can attract higher-quality investors and investments and facilitate the creation of more and better-quality jobs in diversified sectors. The government needs a comprehensive focus on changing its relationship with the private sector, so that it proactively removes blockages to growth within the sector. In tandem with this, there is equally a pressing need to invest in human capital development to ensure that the next generation is more productive, flexible and innovative.
*Kafunda is a regular contributor to The Lamp magazine
clomqs
Self-harm leading to death is a complex issue that impacts millions of people across the world.
It is often linked to emotional pain, such as anxiety, hopelessness, or substance abuse.
People who struggle with suicide may feel isolated and believe there’s no solution.
https://how-to-kill-yourself.com
Society needs to spread knowledge about this topic and offer a helping hand.
Prevention can make a difference, and reaching out is a brave first step.
If you or someone you know is in crisis, get in touch with professionals.
You are not alone, and there’s always hope.
On this platform, you can access a wide selection of online slots from leading developers.
Users can enjoy retro-style games as well as modern video slots with vivid animation and bonus rounds.
Whether you’re a beginner or a casino enthusiast, there’s a game that fits your style.
play aviator
Each title are ready to play 24/7 and compatible with desktop computers and smartphones alike.
You don’t need to install anything, so you can jump into the action right away.
Site navigation is user-friendly, making it convenient to explore new games.
Register now, and enjoy the world of online slots!
Платформа BlackSprut — это довольно популярная систем в darknet-среде, открывающая широкие возможности в рамках сообщества.
На платформе реализована простая структура, а структура меню понятен даже новичкам.
Гости выделяют отзывчивость платформы и активное сообщество.
bs2best.markets
Площадка разработана на приватность и минимум лишней информации при работе.
Если вы интересуетесь теневые платформы, площадка будет интересным вариантом.
Перед использованием рекомендуется изучить базовые принципы анонимной сети.
Площадка BlackSprut — это одна из самых известных систем в теневом интернете, открывающая широкие возможности для пользователей.
В этом пространстве предусмотрена понятная система, а визуальная часть понятен даже новичкам.
Участники выделяют стабильность работы и активное сообщество.
bs2best.markets
Сервис настроен на комфорт и минимум лишней информации при работе.
Тех, кто изучает теневые платформы, этот проект станет удобной точкой старта.
Перед использованием не лишним будет прочитать информацию о работе Tor.
Here, you can discover a great variety of slot machines from leading developers.
Users can experience retro-style games as well as modern video slots with stunning graphics and exciting features.
Even if you’re new or an experienced player, there’s a game that fits your style.
play casino
The games are available anytime and compatible with desktop computers and mobile devices alike.
All games run in your browser, so you can start playing instantly.
Platform layout is easy to use, making it simple to browse the collection.
Register now, and dive into the thrill of casino games!
Here offers a great variety of decorative clock designs for your interior.
You can discover minimalist and timeless styles to fit your apartment.
Each piece is hand-picked for its craftsmanship and accuracy.
Whether you’re decorating a creative workspace, there’s always a perfect clock waiting for you.
square pendulum wall clocks
The collection is regularly expanded with trending items.
We care about a smooth experience, so your order is always in good care.
Start your journey to better decor with just a few clicks.
Our platform features a wide range of prescription drugs for ordering online.
Users can conveniently get health products from anywhere.
Our inventory includes everyday treatments and custom orders.
Each item is supplied through trusted providers.
https://www.hr.com/en/app/calendar/event/nolvadex-a-critical-drug-in-breast-cancer-treatmen_lpckaiw9.html
We ensure user protection, with secure payments and prompt delivery.
Whether you’re filling a prescription, you’ll find affordable choices here.
Explore our selection today and enjoy convenient online pharmacy service.
Этот портал создан для поиска занятости на территории Украины.
Вы можете найти свежие вакансии от разных организаций.
Сервис собирает объявления о работе в различных сферах.
Удалённая работа — всё зависит от вас.
https://my-articles-online.com/
Навигация простой и адаптирован на широкую аудиторию.
Оставить отклик не потребует усилий.
Нужна подработка? — начните прямо сейчас.
On this platform, you can access a great variety of online slots from top providers.
Visitors can experience classic slots as well as new-generation slots with high-quality visuals and exciting features.
If you’re just starting out or an experienced player, there’s a game that fits your style.
play aviator
All slot machines are ready to play round the clock and designed for laptops and tablets alike.
No download is required, so you can jump into the action right away.
Platform layout is easy to use, making it convenient to explore new games.
Sign up today, and dive into the excitement of spinning reels!
On this platform, you can access a wide selection of online slots from leading developers.
Players can try out retro-style games as well as feature-packed games with vivid animation and interactive gameplay.
If you’re just starting out or a seasoned gamer, there’s always a slot to match your mood.
casino slots
All slot machines are instantly accessible 24/7 and compatible with laptops and tablets alike.
No download is required, so you can get started without hassle.
Site navigation is easy to use, making it quick to browse the collection.
Register now, and discover the excitement of spinning reels!
Новый летний период обещает быть стильным и экспериментальным в плане моды.
В тренде будут многослойность и неожиданные сочетания.
Цветовая палитра включают в себя мягкие пастели, сочетающиеся с любым стилем.
Особое внимание дизайнеры уделяют принтам, среди которых популярны макросумки.
https://zoon.ru/msk/stores/magazin_odezhdy_lepodium/
Набирают популярность элементы 90-х, через призму сегодняшнего дня.
В новых коллекциях уже можно увидеть трендовые образы, которые поражают.
Следите за обновлениями, чтобы чувствовать себя уверенно.
Here, you can discover lots of slot machines from top providers.
Visitors can try out classic slots as well as new-generation slots with high-quality visuals and exciting features.
Whether you’re a beginner or a casino enthusiast, there’s a game that fits your style.
casino
Each title are instantly accessible anytime and designed for desktop computers and mobile devices alike.
No download is required, so you can start playing instantly.
The interface is easy to use, making it simple to find your favorite slot.
Register now, and discover the world of online slots!
It’s alarming to realize that over 60% of medication users make dangerous drug mistakes because of insufficient information?
Your physical condition is your most valuable asset. All treatment options you make significantly affects your quality of life. Being informed about the drugs you take is absolutely essential for optimal health outcomes.
Your health isn’t just about taking pills. Each drug affects your biological systems in unique ways.
Never ignore these life-saving facts:
1. Combining medications can cause health emergencies
2. Even common allergy medicines have strict usage limits
3. Altering dosages causes complications
To protect yourself, always:
✓ Check compatibility via medical databases
✓ Review guidelines thoroughly when starting any medication
✓ Consult your doctor about proper usage
___________________________________
For verified drug information, visit:
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/879609370963951219/
The digital drugstore features an extensive variety of medications at affordable prices.
Customers can discover various drugs to meet your health needs.
Our goal is to keep high-quality products while saving you money.
Quick and dependable delivery provides that your medication gets to you quickly.
Take advantage of shopping online through our service.
kamagra what is
Our platform provides adventure rides on Crete.
Travelers may quickly reserve a ride for fun.
Whether you’re looking to see hidden beaches, a buggy is the perfect way to do it.
https://www.reddit.com/user/BuggyCrete/
All vehicles are regularly serviced and can be rented for full-day schedules.
Using this website is hassle-free and comes with no hidden fees.
Start your journey and feel Crete in full freedom.
This section presents disc player alarm devices crafted by reputable makers.
Here you’ll discover top-loading CD players with digital radio and dual wake options.
Many models include AUX jacks, USB charging, and backup batteries.
Our range spans budget-friendly options to luxury editions.
best alarm clock charger
All clocks offer sleep timers, sleep timers, and LED screens.
Shop the collection are available via Amazon and no extra cost.
Choose the best disc player alarm clock for kitchen everyday enjoyment.
Here, you can discover a wide selection of online slots from top providers.
Players can try out classic slots as well as new-generation slots with stunning graphics and bonus rounds.
Even if you’re new or an experienced player, there’s always a slot to match your mood.
play aviator
All slot machines are instantly accessible round the clock and designed for desktop computers and smartphones alike.
All games run in your browser, so you can start playing instantly.
The interface is easy to use, making it quick to explore new games.
Join the fun, and discover the excitement of spinning reels!
Оформление страховки для заграничной поездки — это разумное решение для обеспечения безопасности туриста.
Полис включает расходы на лечение в случае обострения болезни за границей.
Помимо этого, документ может предусматривать возмещение затрат на транспортировку.
carbox30.ru
Некоторые государства требуют оформление полиса для въезда.
Без наличия документа лечение могут стать дорогими.
Приобретение документа до поездки
https://t.me/s/flagman_official_777/110
Свадебные и вечерние платья 2025 года задают новые стандарты.
Актуальны кружевные рукава и корсеты из полупрозрачных тканей.
Детали из люрекса делают платье запоминающимся.
Асимметричные силуэты возвращаются в моду.
Разрезы на юбках создают баланс между строгостью и игрой.
Ищите вдохновение в новых коллекциях — оригинальность и комфорт превратят вас в звезду вечера!
https://sxemazarabotka.ru/forums/topic/strah-nochi/page/12/#post-939245
Свадебные и вечерние платья 2025 года отличаются разнообразием.
Актуальны кружевные рукава и корсеты из полупрозрачных тканей.
Металлические оттенки делают платье запоминающимся.
Греческий стиль с драпировкой становятся хитами сезона.
Разрезы на юбках придают пикантности образу.
Ищите вдохновение в новых коллекциях — детали и фактуры превратят вас в звезду вечера!
http://myskupera.ru/forum/messages/forum1/topic12/message963596/?result=reply#message963596
Модные образы для торжеств нынешнего года отличаются разнообразием.
Актуальны кружевные рукава и корсеты из полупрозрачных тканей.
Детали из люрекса делают платье запоминающимся.
Асимметричные силуэты определяют современные тренды.
Разрезы на юбках подчеркивают элегантность.
Ищите вдохновение в новых коллекциях — оригинальность и комфорт оставят в памяти гостей!
http://werderau.de/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=75495
The Audemars Piguet Royal Oak 16202ST features a elegant stainless steel 39mm case with an extra-thin design of just 8.1mm thickness, housing the latest selfwinding Calibre 7121. Its mesmerizing smoked blue gradient dial showcases a signature Petite Tapisserie pattern, fading from a radiant center to dark periphery for a dynamic aesthetic. The iconic eight-screw octagonal bezel pays homage to the original 1972 design, while the scratch-resistant sapphire glass ensures optimal legibility.
https://graph.org/Audemars-Piguet-Royal-Oak-16202st-A-Legacy-Wrought-in-Steel-06-02
Water-resistant to 50 meters, this “Jumbo” model balances sporty durability with sophisticated elegance, paired with a steel link strap and secure AP folding clasp. A contemporary celebration of classic design, the 16202ST embodies Audemars Piguet’s craftsmanship through its precision engineering and evergreen Royal Oak DNA.
Здесь доступен Telegram-бот “Глаз Бога”, позволяющий проверить сведения по человеку из открытых источников.
Сервис работает по номеру телефона, обрабатывая публичные материалы в Рунете. С его помощью осуществляется 5 бесплатных проверок и полный отчет по запросу.
Сервис актуален на 2025 год и поддерживает мультимедийные данные. Сервис гарантирует узнать данные в соцсетях и покажет информацию за секунды.
Глаз Бога рабочий
Такой бот — идеальное решение в анализе граждан удаленно.
В этом ресурсе вы можете найти боту “Глаз Бога” , который позволяет собрать всю информацию о любом человеке из открытых источников .
Данный сервис осуществляет проверку ФИО и раскрывает данные из государственных реестров .
С его помощью можно проверить личность через официальный сервис , используя имя и фамилию в качестве ключевого параметра.
пробив человека по фото
Система “Глаз Бога” автоматически анализирует информацию из множества источников , формируя исчерпывающий результат.
Подписчики бота получают ограниченное тестирование для проверки эффективности.
Решение постоянно совершенствуется , сохраняя актуальность данных в соответствии с стандартами безопасности .
Thank you for your sharing. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your article that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me?
Looking for exclusive 1xBet promo codes? This site offers verified bonus codes like GIFT25 for registrations in 2024. Claim €1500 + 150 FS as a first deposit reward.
Activate official promo codes during registration to maximize your bonuses. Benefit from no-deposit bonuses and exclusive deals tailored for casino games.
Discover daily updated codes for global users with fast withdrawals.
All voucher is checked for accuracy.
Grab exclusive bonuses like GIFT25 to double your funds.
Active for new accounts only.
https://bookmarkboom.com/story19643627/unlocking-1xbet-promo-codes-for-enhanced-betting-in-multiple-countriesKeep updated with top bonuses – apply codes like 1XRUN200 at checkout.
Experience smooth benefits with instant activation.
В этом ресурсе вы можете получить доступ к боту “Глаз Бога” , который позволяет собрать всю информацию о любом человеке из общедоступных баз .
Уникальный бот осуществляет проверку ФИО и показывает информацию из государственных реестров .
С его помощью можно узнать контакты через официальный сервис , используя автомобильный номер в качестве начальных данных .
probiv-bot.pro
Технология “Глаз Бога” автоматически анализирует информацию из открытых баз , формируя исчерпывающий результат.
Пользователи бота получают пробный доступ для тестирования возможностей .
Платформа постоянно развивается, сохраняя скорость обработки в соответствии с законодательством РФ.
Здесь вы найдете сервис “Глаз Бога”, который собрать всю информацию о гражданине по публичным данным.
Инструмент работает по номеру телефона, анализируя публичные материалы в Рунете. Через бота доступны пять пробивов и детальный анализ по имени.
Сервис актуален на 2025 год и поддерживает фото и видео. Глаз Бога сможет проверить личность в соцсетях и предоставит сведения в режиме реального времени.
https://glazboga.net/
Это сервис — идеальное решение в анализе граждан удаленно.
us pharmacy clomid: online pharmacy that sells percocet – seroquel xr pharmacy
viagra 25 mg order: VGR Sources – viagra 100 buy
buy real viagra no prescription sildenafil mexico pharmacy buy viagra wholesale
cheap sildenafil citrate tablets: VGR Sources – buy viagra in australia
Прямо здесь можно получить Telegram-бот “Глаз Бога”, который собрать всю информацию по человеку через открытые базы.
Бот функционирует по номеру телефона, анализируя доступные данные в Рунете. Через бота доступны бесплатный поиск и детальный анализ по имени.
Сервис проверен на 2025 год и охватывает фото и видео. Бот сможет найти профили в открытых базах и покажет сведения в режиме реального времени.
https://glazboga.net/
Данный инструмент — помощник при поиске персон удаленно.
where can i buy sildenafil 100mg: VGR Sources – online pharmacy viagra australia
viagra in canada cost: VGR Sources – buy sildenafil mexico
generic viagra 100mg best price: viagra tablets in india – order viagra online usa
https://vgrsources.com/# viagra pills online purchase
how much is 50 mg viagra VGR Sources generic viagra 50mg online
cheap viagra in usa: real viagra for sale canada – canadian drugstore viagra
canada viagra otc: VGR Sources – average cost of viagra prescription
prices for viagra: VGR Sources – best price for genuine viagra
where can i buy sildenafil 20mg buy viagra online using paypal buy viagra generic online
can i buy viagra over the counter in india: buy viagra 2013 usa – female viagra tablets price
Viagra 50mg: viagra substitute over the counter – sildenafil daily use
Здесь вы можете получить доступ к боту “Глаз Бога” , который может собрать всю информацию о любом человеке из публичных данных.
Уникальный бот осуществляет поиск по номеру телефона и раскрывает данные из государственных реестров .
С его помощью можно проверить личность через официальный сервис , используя автомобильный номер в качестве ключевого параметра.
пробить по фотографии
Алгоритм “Глаз Бога” автоматически обрабатывает информацию из множества источников , формируя структурированные данные .
Подписчики бота получают пробный доступ для проверки эффективности.
Платформа постоянно обновляется , сохраняя высокую точность в соответствии с законодательством РФ.
buy viagra without prescription: VGR Sources – generic viagra sildenafil 100mg
where to buy viagra online in usa: where can i get genuine viagra – cheap viagra australia
200 mg viagra VGR Sources viagra cream
viagra cream price in india: VGR Sources – viagra pills price in india
online pharmacy no prescription viagra: cheap viagra paypal – united states viagra
best online pharmacy uk viagra: online female viagra – purchase genuine viagra online
viagra pills online south africa VGR Sources viagra prescription online canada
order viagra on line: where can i buy viagra without a prescription – can i order viagra
https://vgrsources.com/# canadian pharmacy cheap sildenafil
На данном сайте доступен сервис “Глаз Бога”, позволяющий проверить сведения о гражданине по публичным данным.
Бот функционирует по ФИО, обрабатывая доступные данные в сети. Через бота можно получить 5 бесплатных проверок и полный отчет по имени.
Сервис обновлен согласно последним данным и охватывает фото и видео. Глаз Бога сможет проверить личность в соцсетях и предоставит результаты в режиме реального времени.
https://glazboga.net/
Это инструмент — идеальное решение при поиске граждан удаленно.
generic viagra online in usa: VGR Sources – viagra 100mg price india
where can i buy viagra without a prescription: VGR Sources – canadian pharmacy viagra cost
I don’t think the title of your article matches the content lol. Just kidding, mainly because I had some doubts after reading the article.
where to buy viagra online in usa buy female viagra usa buy female viagra pills
viagra 25 mg no prescription: buy viagra cheap online uk – buy viagra over the counter
100mg viagra: places to buy viagra – sildenafil online singapore
sildenafil in india: cheap viagra overnight delivery – order brand name viagra online
cheap female viagra VGR Sources buy viagra us pharmacy