Umwini pa chitukuko ukusintha zinthu ku Balaka

Wolemba: Joseph KAYIRA

Bungwe la maiko onse la United Nations (UN) linakhazikitsa ndondomeko khumi, zisanu ndi ziwiri (17) za chitukuko zotchedwa Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) zomwe cholinga chake ndi kufuna kukweza ntchito za chitukuko, mwa zina, poonetsetsa kuti chilengedwe sichikuonongeka. Ichi nchifukwa chake boma nalo kudzera mu ndondomeko ya Climate Smart Public Works Programme (CSPWP) – zomwe ndi ntchito za M’bwezera Chilengedwe, lakangalika kufuna kusintha miyoyo ya anthu ndipo Balaka ndi limodzi mwa maboma omwe kukuchitika chitukukochi.

Kudzera mu ndondomeko ya SDGs, maiko anagwirizana kuthetsa umphawi, kuthetsa njala, kusamalira chilengedwe komanso kutukula ntchito zomwe zimachitika pamtunda poonetsetsa kuti sizikupereka chiopsezo pa chilengedwe. Ichitu nchifukwa chake ntchito za ndondomeko za M’bwezera Chilengedwe zalimbikitsidwa m’boma la Balaka ndipo zipatso zake zayamba kale kuoneka patangopita nthawi yochepa chikhazikitsireni pulojekitiyi.

Kadaya: Ndondomekoyi ikuthandiza kwambiri (Photo Credit: Joseph Kayira, MML)

Poona m’mene chilengedwe chakhala chikuonongekera kaamba kodula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuotcha Makala komanso kusefukira kwa madzi omwenso amasokoneza ntchito zamalimidwe, boma linakhazikitsa pulojekitiyi kuti anthu asapitirire kuona zokhoma. Ndipo chifukwa cha umwini womwe anthu okhuzidwa anaonetsa pulojekitiyi tsopano yasintha miyoyo ya anthu ambiri.

A James Kadaya, omwe ndi mlangizi wa nthaka m’boma la Balaka akuti patatha zaka ziwiri chiyambireni ntchitoyi, mafumu ndi anthu awo akupindula kudzera mu ndondomeko monga yosamalira mphukira mu nkhalango, kukolola madzi, kutseka zigwembe komanso kukumba masware kuti mbali zonse za moyo wawo ziziyenda bwino.

“Ndi zosangalatsa kuti mafumu, kudzanso adindo ena ali patsogolo kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yobwezeretsa chilengedwe ikuyenda bwino. Zipatso zoonetsa umwini pa ntchitoyi ndiwosayamba. Mwa chitsanzo, m’madera omwe nkhalango zidatheratu, tsopano muli mitengo yambiri kaamba koti anthu anaika malamulo okhwima osamalira nkhalango zawo.

“Chinanso ndi choti m’maderawa munasokonekera chifukwa anthu amalima mpaka m’musi mwa misinje zomwe zimachititsa kuti madzi adzisefukira ndi kuononga mbewu zawo. M’malo ena munali zigwembe zomwe zimasokoneza ntchito za ulimi koma pano monsemo anthuwa anatsekatseka ndipo ulimi wabwerera chikale,” anatero a Kadaya.

Mayi Alinafe John kulongosola m’mene akusamalira nkhalango kwa Chimpakati (Photo Credit: Joseph Kayira, MML)

Iwo anapemphanso anthu kuti adekhe kaamba koti zimatenga nthawi kuti zipatso za khama lawo lioneke pa ntchito yosamalira chilengedwe. Mkuluyu anati ndi zosangalatsa kuti anthu anailandira ntchitoyi ndi manja awiri ndipo ali ndi chikhulupiriro kuti pomafika zaka zisanu kapena kuposera apo, monse m’mene munali mutaonongeka mudzakhala mutakonzedwa ndipo anthu adzakhala akuchita ulimi wovomerezeka.

“Chachikulu ndi choti anthuwa ali ndi kuthekera kochita zomwe aphunzitsidwa ndipo muona kuti pulojekitiyi yasintha kale miyoyo ya anthu ambiri. Ubwino wake ndi woti tikuchita izi mogwirizana ndi ndodnomeko zina za boma zomwenso cholinga chake ndi kusintha miyoyo ya anthu kuti ifike pabwino. Tikufuna kuthana ndi umphawi powonetsetsa kuti chilengedwe chili bwino komanso anthuwa akutha kukhala ndi chakudya chokwaira komanso chopatsa thanzi kudzera mu ndondomeko zomwe zaikika,” anatero a Kadaya.

A Felix Beni Chikuni kufotokoza za ndondomeko yokolola madzi (Photo Credit: Joseph Kayira, MML)

Iwo akuti atayeserera chaka choyamba momwe angathandizire anthu a m’boma la Balaka ndi pulojekitiyi anaona kuti kunali kofunika kuti ayipitirize ndipo pakali pano ndi anthu oposa 18,220 ndi omwe akupindula ndi pulojekitiyi. Pali chiyembekezo choti chiwerengero cha opindura chikwera kaamba ka zipatso zomwe pulojekitiyi ikubala.

Kwa Chimpakati akutukulana

Ndondomeko ya Climate Smart ikuchita zodabwitsa mdera la agulupu a Chimpakati ndi kwa Chimpakati Chanza m’bomali. Kumeneko anthu akuteteza mitsinje, kukwirira zigwembe, kumanga ma swale, kukumba maenje osunga madzi, kudzala udzu wa vetiva omwe umathandiza kuti nthaka isakokoloke komanso kubwezeretsa chilengedwe.

Chimpakati: M’mbuyomu zinthu sizinali bwino (Photo Credit: Joseph Kayira, MML)

Mwa zina opindulawa akudzalanso mitengo yatsopano pomwe panalibe nkhalango komanso kuchita ulimi wa njuchi. Zonsezi cholinga chale ndi kufuna kuti m’maderawa anthu asamakumane ndi mavuto omwe amadza kaamba ka ngozi zogwa mwadzidzidzi komanso kufuna kuchita ulimi wopindulitsa nkutinso azichita bizinesi zomwe zidziwabweretsera ndalama m’makomo mwawo. Pakali pano nkhalango yawo ili ndi mitengo 7,561.

“Chifukwa chosamalira bwino nkhalango, tikutha kupuma mpweya wabwino. Kalekale pamene pali nkhalango ino panalibe chilichonse. Panali pa chipalawe; cholinga chakthu ndi choti kuno kusakhale chipalamba. Chifukwa choti timalima mpaka m’misinje madzi amatha kusefukira nkumayenda paliponse nkuononga mbewu m’minda yathu.

Momwe munali zigwembe muli udzu wa vetiva komanso nthochi ndipo nthaka siikukokolokanso ayi (Photo Credit: Joseph Kayira, MML)

“Koma titaphunzitsidwa za kufunika kotsata ndondomeko zabwino za ulimi, zinthu zasintha kwambiri kuno. Madzi sakuvutanso monga kale. Nkhalango yathu ikuchita kukongola komanso sitikusowa kopeza nkhuni. Tinaika malamulo owonetsetsa kuti palibe amene akulowerera m’khalangoyi nkumaononga chilengedwe,” anatero a Alinafe John omwe ndi m’modzi wa opindula.

Iwo akuti ndondomeko a Climate Smart yathandiza mabanja mdera la Chimpakati Catchment kuti asamasowe kopeza milimo kaamba koti nkhalangoyo zonse zikupezekamo. Mayiwa ati anthuwa akuthanso kukolola madzi ndipo mbewu zawo sidzisowa chinyontho kukakhala kuti mvula yadula kwa masiku.

A Boniface Lubaini, omwenso ndi m’modzinso wa opindula ndi pulojekitiyi akuti mchitidwe wodzipereka posamalira nkhalango yawo wathandiza kuti mitengo itetezedwe.

A Bitiya James Kulongosola m’mene amapangira fetereza wa Mbeya (Photo Credit: Joseph Kayira, MML)

Iwo akuti ndi kwapafupi kuononga chilengedwe ngati palibe malamulo okhwima. Nkhalango yawo ikuoneka bwino chifukwa chifukwa choti anthu azindikira kufunika kosamalira chilengedwe.

“Kupanda kudzipereka komanso kuikapo mtima sibwenzi zinthu zili chonchi. Chitukukochi tinachilandira ndi manja awiri ndipo zimenezo zathandiza kuti tiyambe kupindula ndi thukuta lathu. Ndi cholinga chathu kuti nkhalango zimene tikusamalirazi zikhalepo mpaka kalekale,” anatero a Lubaini.

A Ronald Chakwana omwe ndi folomani pa chitukukochi anati mtsinje wa Mlunguzi womwe wadutsa mderalo wakhala ukusokoneza ntchito zaulimi ndipo wakhala ukusiya zigwembe m’minda. Mwa zina izi zimachitika kaamba koti anthu samatsatira malangizo a ulimi wamakono. Koma izi tsopano zayamba kukhala mbiri yakale kaamba koti opindula mderali tsopano akudzala udzu wa vetiva komanso kudzala nthochi komanso kumanga ndi simenti zotchingira madzi omwe amayambitsa zigwembe.

“Takwanitsa kukwirira zigwembe zomwe zimayamba ndi madzi omwe asefukira kuchoka mu mtsinje wa Mlunguzi. Zigwembezi zinali zokuya ndithu koma chifukwa chotsatira njira zabwino zodzithetsera takwanitsa kutero. Monse m’mene munali zigwembe takwiriramo ndipo tadzalamo udzu wa vetiva komanso nthochi zomwe zimathandiza kuti nthaka isapitirire kukoloka,” anatero a Chakwana.

Nkhalango imene anthu a kwa Chimkwakwa akuisamalira (Photo Credit: Joseph Kayira)

A Felix Beni Chikuni, omwenso ndi m’modzi wa mafolomani kwa Chimapakati Catchment akuti ntchito yokolola madzi ndi yofunikira kwambiri mderalo chifukwa ikuthandiza pa ulimi.

“Mukatsatira ndondomeko zonse zimene tikuchita kuno muona kuti cholinga chathu ndi choti madzi akabwera mothamanga ife tidziwachepetsa liwiro komanso enawo kuwasunga mu maenje amene cholinga chake ndi kukolorera madziwo.

“Madziwa tikawakolora amasunga chinyontho mu nthaka ndipo mbewu zathu sizifota. Minda imene sanachite zimenezi mbewu zawo zimakhala pa chiopsezo chopyerera ndi dzuwa. Ndi ndondomeko zomwe alimi akadzitsatira bwino sikungakhalenso njala kuno. Komanso ndi ndondomeko zomwe zikuletsa kuchita ulimi wowononga monga kulima m’mmunsi mwa misinje,” anatero a Chikuni.

Kwa Chimpakati kukuchitikanso mapologalamu othandiza achinyamata kuphunzira luso losiyanasiyana monga losoka ndi kudula nsalu ndi kuchita bizinesi ngati njira imodzi yoti achinyamatawa asamaononge chilengedwe. M’mbuyomu achinyamata analibe chochita chenicheni ndipo amadalira kuotcha makala kuti apeze khobiri.

Zonsezi zikuchitika pansi pa ndondomeko ya Community Savings Investment Promotion (COMSIP) yomwe ikulimbikitsa anthu kusunga ndalama komanso kulimbikitsanso ntchito yopanga fetereza wa Mbeya.

Feterezayu yemwe akupanga okha anthu a kwa Chimpakati, amasakaniza deya, phulusa, manyowa ndi fetereza akuthandiza kwambiri alimi, maka amene sanachite nawo mwai wokhala nawo mu ndondomeko ya boma ya zipangizo zotsika mtengo ya Affordable Input Programme (AIP).

A Bitiya James omwe akupindula ndi fetereza wopanga wokhayu anati feterezayu ndi wosavuta kupanga komanso ali ndi mphamvu ndipo mbewu zimakula bwino akathira m’munda.

“Ndimatenga makilogalamu 5 a manyowa, 10 kgs ya madeya, 5 kgs ya phulusa ndi 5 kgs ya fetereza nkusakaniza nkudikira kuti zilowererane. Zikapsa sizimasowa; zimatulutsa fungo ndipo timalathira kumunda kuti mbewu zathu zichite bwino. Fetereza wa Mbeya ndiwabwino chifukwa alibe vuto lirilonse ku nthaka,” anatero a James, omwe sanapeze nawo mwai wolandira zipangizo za AIP.

Iwo ayamikira ndondomeko ya COMSIP komanso Climate Smart kaamba kowaphunzitsa njira yotsika mtengo yopangira fetereza komanso yaphindu kaamba koti pakhomo pawo sipangadutse galu wakuda “chifukwa ndi fetereza wa Mbeya tidzakolola zochuluka ku munda.”

“Tikutenganso nawo mbali pobwezeretsa chilengedwe, kutseka zigwembe ndi kukumba miswale. Zonsezi zikukhudzana ndi ulimi kwathunthu. Tikatero timakathira fetereza wathuyu m’munda tikudziwa kuti nthaka siingakokoloke chifukwa tatsatira kale ndondomeko zabwino zoteteza ndi kubwezeretsa chilengedwe,” akutero a James.

A Gulupu a Chimpakati anati ndi wokondwa kuti zinthu zikusintha mdera lawo kaamba koti boma ndi mabungwe athandiza alimi ndi ziweto monga mbuzi, nkhumba, nkhuku ndi zina kuti miyoyo yawo idzitukuka.

“Ndondomeko za Climate Smart komanso COMSIP zasintha miyoyo kuno. Pano tikutha ubwezeretsa chilengedwe ndipo nkhalango zathu ndi zobiriwira bwino. M’mbuyomu chilengedwe chinapitiratu ndipo izi zimapereka chiopsezo pa miyoyo ya anthu chifukwa ulimi unasokonekeranso. Pano tikusimba lokoma chifukwa ndondomekozi zasintha miyoyo kufika pabwino,” akutero a Gulupu a Chimpakati.

Mfumu Kaombe akuti pali malamulo otetezera nkhalango kumeneko (Photo Credit: Joseph Kayira, MML)

Mdera la Malikula zinthu zikuyenda

Ku Malikula Catchment nako anthu akangalika pa nkhani yofuna kubwezeretsa chilengedwe mchimake. Kumenekonso nkhalango zomwe zinaonongeka pano zili bwino. Mfumu Kaombe yati anthu ake akuikapo mtima pa nkhani yobwezeretsa chilengedwe ndipo kuli nkhalango yomwe aisamalira ya mahekitala 6.5 yomwe m’mbuyomu inaonongedwa ndi anthu owotcha makala.

“Titaona kuti zinthu zasokonekera, tinaika malamulo osamalira nkhalango zomwe zatizungulira. Imodzi mwa nkhalangozi ndi ya Kaombe ndipo pambali posamalira mphukira mkhalangoyi, tikudzalanso ina.

Madzi a mvula angathamange maka koma apa amachepa mphamvu, minda nkutetezeka (Photo Credit: Joseph Kayira, MML)

“Tinaikanso ming’oma m’menemu kuti anthu adzitha kuchitanso ulimi wa njuchi. Akakolola uchi azitha kukagulitsa nkupeza ndalama zosamalira mabanja awo. Komanso mu nkhalango yomweyi anthu azitha kupezamo mankhwala. Phindu la nkhalangozi ndi lochuluka,” akutero a Mfumu Kaombe omwe dzina lawo lenileni ndi a Samuel Muyaya.

Iwo apempha mabungwe kuti awathandize ndi ming’oma yochuluka kuti mabanja ambiri apindule ndi ulimi wa njuchi. Mderali mabanja akangalika kufesa mbande za mitengo kuti nkhalango zipitirire kukhala ndi mitengo yochuluka chaka chilichonse.

Iwowa akuyalanso miyala yothandiza kuchepetsa liwiro la madzi omwe amati akamapita kumitsinje amakaononga mbewu ndi kuyambitsa zigwembe.

“Timati tikayala miyalayi kumtunda madzi a mvula aja amalephera kuthamanga. Izi zimathandiza kuti madzi opita ku mtsinje asakokolole nthaka. Komanso akafika kumtsinjeko safika ndi liwiro lowononga lija. Tikatero ndiye kuti tateteza kuti zigwembe zisakhalekonso,” akutero a Mfumu Kaombe.

A ku Nanjiri Catchment sakutsalira m’mbuyo

Ku Nanjiri Catchment, kwa Gulupu Chitalo, TA Amidu m’boma la Balaka nako mabanja akhala akukumana ndi mavuto adzaoneni mvula ikagwa. Minda imakokoloka ndipo mapeto ake anthu samapeza chakudya chokwanira.

A Gulupu a Chitalo akuti mabanja amene amalima kumusi kwa mitsinje ndi omwe anali pa vuto lalikulu. Koma mfumuyi ndiyothokoza kaamba koti tsopano pulojekiti yobwezeretsa chilengedwe yawapulumutsa ku mavutowa.

Anthu aku Nanjiri Catchment ali ndi nasare ya mitengo ndipo akuchita zazikulu pobwezeretsa chilengedwe (Photo Credit: Joseph Kayira, MML)

“Chomwe chikuchitika kuno ndi nkhani yobwezeretsa chilengedwe. Kaamba koti kuphiri kunaonongeka, madzi amayenda ndi mphamvu kwambiri kupita kumusi komwe amakaononga mbewu. Minda imakokoloka. Pano tazindikira komwe vutoli limayambira ndipo tikuthana nalo kumeneko.

“Tikudzala mitengo yatsopano komanso kusamalira mphukira. Potero tikuthandiza kuti chilengedwe chibwerere chikale kuti madzi asamakaononge kumusiku komwe kuli minda yambiri. Chinanso ndi kumanga malo amene amathandixa kuti madzi asamathamange popita mu mtsinje waukulu. Timayala miyala mosamala kutchinga madzi kuti asapite ndi liwiro chifukwa tikawalekerera ndi amene amayambitsa zigwembe zija,” akutero a Gulupu Chitalo.

Iwo athokozanso anthu chifukwa cha umwini umene akuonetsa pa pulojekitiyi kaamba koti kupanda kutero palibe chimene chingayende. Komanso anthu amene angakome mtima kutithandiza amayamba awona m’mene eni akenu mukuchitira. Choncho umwini umabala zipatso zambiri,” atero a Gulupu Chitalo.

A Zione Kalongonda akuti akutha kusiyanitsa kale ndi pano chifukwa chilengedwe chikubwerera mchimake (Photo Credit: Joseph Kayira, MML)

Wapampando wa Nanjiri Catchment, a Zione Kalongonda afotokoza kuti iwo ndi anzawo sakubwereranso m’mbuyo atavutika ndi madzi olusa kwa nthawi yaitali. Akuti chimene akufuna nd kubwezeretsa chilengedwe komanso kutsatira ndondomeko zimene zingachepetse ululu womwe umabwera ndi ngozi zogwa mwadzidzidzi monga kusefukira kwa madzi omwe amaononga mbewu zawo.

“Kumtunda ku phiri tikusamalira mphukira komanso kudzala mitengo ina. Tinafetsa mbande za mitengo yosiyanasiyana yomwe tikudzala mu nkhalango zathu. Tikukumbanso maenje oti mvula ikabwera adzisunga madzi kuti mitengo isafe.

“Aliminso aphunzitsidwa kukolola madzi m’minda yawo kuti chinyezi chidzikhalamo kwa nthawi yaitali kuti mbewu zawo zisamafote kapena kupserera kumene kukachita ng’amba. Cholinga cha zonsenzi nkuti anthu akhale pabwino. Ndi cholinga chathu kuti ulimi uziyenda bwino komanso chilengedwe chiziyenda bwino. zonsezi cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa umphawi m’makomomu,” akutero a Kalongonda.

Ndondomekoyi m’madera onsewa ikutheka ndi thandizo la ndalama kuchokera ku banki yaikulu pa dziko lonse – World Bank – komanso mothandizana ndi upangiri wochokera ku boma la Malawi.