Kuyika amayi m’maudindo: Kusintha kulipo, zokhoma zikupitirira

Wolemba: Faith Kaisi MATHOTHO

Mabungwe olimbikitsa ufulu woti pasamakhale kusiyana pakati pa amayi komanso abambo ati kulimbikitsa amayi kuti azitenga nawo gawo m’maudindo osiyanasiyana kuli ndi kuthekera kopititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha dziko potengera kuti amayi ali ndi danga losintha zinthu komanso kubweretsa ndemanga za tsopano m’boma, malo opangira malonda komanso ku dera.

Ngakhale kuti pa anthu 100 aliwonse, 52 ndi amayi m’dziko muno, amayiwa samalimbikitsidwa mokwanira kutenga nawo gawo m’maudindo opanga ziganizo m’malo ogwirira ntchito a boma komanso   omwe siaboma, zomwe magulu okhudzidwa ati ndi zomwe zikubwezeretsa m’mbuyo ntchito zolimbikitsa kusasiyana pakati pa amayi komanso abambo pa ntchito ndi chitukuko.

Mabungwe osiyanasiyana m’dziko muno komanso dziko lonse lapansi akhala akupanga kafukufuku wofuna kupeza mavuto omwe amayi amakumana nawo komanso kuthana nawo – ndipo kafukufuku wambiri wapeza kuti palibe kusintha kweni kweni.

Malingana ndi lipoti la Hivos Southern Africa Commission, lomwe bungweli linatulutsa m’chaka cha 2019 pa mutu woti ‘Kufunika kwa masamba a mchezo ngati chida chopereka danga kwa amayi kuti athe kutengapo gawo pa maudindo m’dziko muno’, zinaonetsa kuti abambo ambiri ndi omwe ali m’ma-udindo opanga ziganizo. Izi zinasonyezanso kuti amayi 23 pa 100 ndi omwe anali ndi udindo mu Nyumba ya Malamulo ngati aphungu a Nyumbayo. Ndipo m’maboma ang’onoang’ono, amayi 14 pa 100 ndi omwe anali m’maudindo ngati makhansala.

Pa dziko lonse la pansi komaso kwathu kuno, amayi amakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana omwe amapangitsa kuti azilephera kutenga nawo gawo pa ndale. Ena mwa mavutowa ndi katangale, kuopsezedwa, udani, kuipitsidwa mbiri komanso m’chitidwe waziwawa ndi zipolowe pa ndale. Kuphatikiza apo, amayi ambiri amagwetsedwa mphwayi ndi mamembala aku dera lawo chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro.

Kafukufuku yemwe anachitika pambuyo pa zisankho m’chaka cha 2019, wofuna kuwunika m’mene ntchito yoponya voti inayendera, anapeza kuti malamulo kapena do-ngosolo la zipani silikumakomera amayi, potengera kuti a mayi 117 ndi omwe anatenga nawo gawo pa zisankhozi pa opikitsa 309. Izi zinaonetsedwa kutsatira chiwerengero cha amayi omwe anali m’maudindo m’zipani zosiyanasiyana.

Kafukufuku wa Afrobarometer wa m’chaka cha 2014, anapeza kuti pali kufunika koti zikhulupiriro zina zifotokozeredwe momveka bwino chifukwa ndi zomwe zikupangitsa kuti anthu asamavotere kapena kusankha atsogoleri achizimayi, komanso kafukufukuyu anapeza kuti amayi ali ndi kuthekera kolakhulira anthu ambiri potengera kuti ndichibadwa chawo  kusiyana ndi abambo.

Komaso kukhala ndi amayi ambiri pa udindo kuli ndi kuthekera kozindikiritsa anthu za kuipa kwa mchitindwe wophwanyirana ufulu kuli konse ndi kuthekera kolimbikitsa ufulu wachibadwidwe chifukwa amayi amalimbikitsa umodzi ndi mgwirizano. Amai amathandizira kumenyera ufulu wa ana. Kuphatikizira apo, amayi ali ndi danga lothana ndi katangale chifukwa ambiri a iwo samatenga nawo gawo pa mchitidwe wa ziphuphu.

Kafukufukuyu anapezanso kuti mauthenga omwe amayi a m’maudindo amakhala akutumiza ndi wokhuza kumema anthu kuti awavotere, kupempha thandizo, kudziwitsa komanso kumenyera anthu maufulu.

Kafukufukuyu anapezanso kuti masamba a mchezo ku Malawi ndi bwalo lofalitsirapo mauthenga abodza komanso kuipitsirana mbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale povuta kuti munthu atsatire komanso kudziwa zoona za zomwe zikuchitika.

“Chifukwa choti sindili pa banja, ambiri ankandinena kuti ndikatenga mpando ndizalanda azimuna a eni ake. Omwe ndimapikisana nawo amazinena izizi kwambiri m’misonkhano yawo”, anadandaula motere phungu wina wachizimayi.

Phunguyu akuti inafika nthawi ina imene iye anapanga chiganizo chofuna kutula pansi udindo wake koma bungwe lina loima palokha mu dera lake ndilomwe linamulimbikitsa kuti asatero.

 “Ndimayamika kwambiri a National Elections Systems Trust (NEST) chifukwa chokhala nafe nthawi zonse munyengo ya kampeni. Kupanda upangiri wawo ndithudi sibwenzi lero lino tikuyankhulana pa mutu umenewu,” anatero phunguyu.

Kafukufuku wina yemwe anapangidwa ndi Creswell, m’chaka cha 2021 yemwe cholinga chake chinali kupeza mavuto omwe amayi amakumana nawo kumbali ya maudindo opanga nawo  zinganizo, yemwe anapangidwa m’maboma anayi – a Blantyre, Zomba, Lilongwe komanso Mzuzu – anapeza kuti kusowa kwa zipangizo zogwirira ntchito, mfundo zopsinja pa kagwiridwe ka ntchito komanso kulowererapo kwa a ndale m’maudindo osiyanasiyana m’boma – ndi ena mwa mavuto omwe amayi amakumana nawo.

Mavuto ena omwe amayi amakumana nawo ndi monga kusowa komanso kuchepa kwa zipangizo zogwirira ntchito ndi kusowa kwa mwayi wa chitukuko. Izi zikuonetsa kuti pakufunuka kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko zothana ndi mavutowa ndicholinga choti amayi ambili azitenga  mbali komanso azikhala m’maudindo opanga nawo ziganizo.

Amayinso ali ndi kuthekera kotumikira bwino ngati abambo m’maudindo (Chithunzi: VOA)

Ngakhale amayi ali ndi kuthekera kokhala, komanso kutengapo nawo gawo pa ziganizo pali kufunikira kokhazikitsa ndondomeko zomwe zingathandize kuti amayiwa azikhala ndi zinthu zowayenereza kugwira ntchito yawo popanda mavuto ena aliwonse.

Kuphatikizira apo, malingana ndi Ndondomeko ina (Policy Brief) yomwe inasindikizidwa mu Novembala m’chaka cha 2021 pa mutu oti ‘Amayi kutengapo nawo mbali pa pa ulamuliro komanso maudindo’, inapeza kuti amayi amakumana ndi mavuto monga nkhanza zogonana m’malo a ntchito, zikhulupiriro zoti amayi alibe kuthekera, kusowekera kwa zinthu zowathandizira pogwira ntchito komanso nkhanza zochitira amayi.

Ngakhale dziko la Malawi linalamulidwapo ndi mtsogoleri wachizimayi, a Joyce Banda, dziko lino ndilotsalira kumbali ya chiwerengero cha amayi omwe ali m’maudindo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mu ndale.

Wachiwiri kwa mtsogoleri wa dziko lino, Dr. Jane Ansah, wakhala akutsindika kufunika kolimbikitsa amayi komanso atsikana kuti asataye mtima pa masomphenya awo pofuna kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchito yotukula dziko lino.

Posachedwapa mtsogoleriyu ana-pereka ndemanga yake mu chikalata chomwe ofesi yake inatulutsa pamene dziko la Malawi, komanso maiko ena pa dziko la pansi, amakodwerera tsiku la amayi pa 8 Malichi. Tsikuli limakondwereredwa chaka chili chonse pa mitu yosiyanasiyana ndipo mutu wa chaka chino unali ‘Perekani kuti mupate’.

“Pa mwambo wa chaka chinowu wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti wa dziko lino akufuna kupereka ulemu kwa amayi kaamba ka mphamvu zawo, kupilira kwawo komanso luntha lawo kuno ku Malawi komanso dziko lonse lapansi. Amayi ndiye gwelo la chitukuko kudzera mu zochita zawo pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana pa banja, pa mudzi komanso mbali zosiyanasiyana za chitukuko cha dziko lathu,” inatero mbali ina ya chikalatacho.

Maiko monga Rwanda South Africa, Lesotho, Namibia ndi Uganda ndi ena mwa maiko amene aika kale ndondomeko zofuna kutukula komanso kuchulutsa chiwerengero cha amayi ku Nyumba ya Malamulo. Dziko la Rwanda ndi limene likuchita bwino kwambiri muno mu Africa pa nkhani yoika amayi m’maudindo maka ku Nyumba ya Malamulo.

Dziko la Malawi litati layamba kutsatira bwino ndondomeko zimene zilipo kale zofuna kutukula amayi ndi kuwaika m’maudindo monga kukhala aphungu a Nyumba ya Malamulo, makhansala komanso m’maudindo akuluakulu m’boma, kusintha kukhoza kukhalapo pa momwe anthu amachitira zinthu m’dziko muno. Chitukuko chitha kupita patsogolo amayi ambiri ataikidwa m’maudindo oti azitha kuchita nawo ziganizo.